Pernicious Anemia

1. Definition of "pernicious anemia."

1. It is caused by a defect in the gastric secretion function, which in turn causes gastric juices to lack the intrinsic factor that is necessary for absorption of vitamin B12.

2. Vitamin B12 is necessary for normal red blood maturation and normal nervous system functioning.

2. Factors that may increase the risk of pernicious anemia.

1. Age (typically affects people older than 50).

2. Race (typically affects those of Scandinavian origin, with blue eyes).

3. Type A blood.

4. Diet insufficient in folic acid.

5. Family history.

6. Malabsorption syndromes.

7. Prolonged iron deficiency.

8. Pregnancy (due to increased needed in third trimester).

9. Surgical removal of the stomach.

3. Signs and symptoms of pernicious anemia.

1. Smooth, sore, red tongue.

2. Loss of appetite.

3. Abdominal pain.

4. Decreased sensation of hands and feet.

5. Fatigue.

6. Weakness.

7. Constipation.

8. Loss of sense of position.

4. Measures to control pernicious anemia.

1. Take medication as prescribed. (NOTE:Injections of B12 must be taken for life.)

2. Eat a well-balanced diet. (Provide "Daily Food Guide" handout.)

3. Avoid injury due to decreased sensations of hands and feet.

4. Perform good oral and personal hygiene.

5. Exercise regularly with regular rest periods.

6. Have regular appointments with physician.

5. Possible complications of pernicious anemia.

1. Heart failure.

2. Gastric carcinoma.