Multiple Myeloma

1. Definition of "multiple myeloma."

1. It is the rapid production of plasma cells.

2. Plasma cells can infiltrate the bone marrow and destroy the bone.

3. The onset of the disease is very slow, and the disease is usually very advanced before symptoms appear.

4. The disease has characteristic remissions and exacerbations.

2. Signs and symptoms of multiple myeloma.

1. Recurrent infections.

2. Weight loss.

3. Weakness.

4. Loss of appetite.

5. Severe bone pain.

6. Increased sensitivity to cold.

7. Hypercalcemia:

1. Loss of appetite.

2. Confusion.

3. Increased urination.

4. Constipation.

8. Bleeding tendencies.

3. Measures to control multiple myeloma.

1. Get adequate nutrition:

1. Eat small, frequent meals.

2. Eat diet high in vitamins and protein and low in calcium and phosphorous.

2.   Provide comfort measures as needed with analgesics, position changes, etc.

3. Prevent infection:

1. Wash hands frequently.

2. Monitor temperature.

3. Avoid people with upper respiratory infections.

4. Drink adequate fluids (two to three quarts per day, if not contraindicated) to prevent renal failure and decrease calcium levels.

5. Exercise as tolerated to help bones reabsorb calcium.

6. Follow safety measures to prevent fractures (handrails, good lighting, adequate supervision, etc.).

4. Possible complications of multiple myeloma.

1. Anemia.

2. Bleeding disorders.

3. Chronic renal failure.

4. Infection.

5. Osteoporosis.

6. Hypercalcemia (increased lethargy, increased thirst and urination).

7. Spinal cord compression.

8. Fractures.