Gouty Arthritis

1. Definition of "gouty arthritis."

1. Gout is a metabolic condition in which excess uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals to be deposited in or near the joints.

2. Gout may be primary or secondary.

1. Primary gout occurs because of an inherited defect in purine metabolism, resulting in excess uric acid.

2. Secondary gout occurs because of increased uric acid secondary to aspirin, diuretics, alcohol, surgery effects, etc.

3. Gout may be acute or chronic.

1. Acute attacks may last three to five days.

2. Chronic gout may leave joints permanently disabled.

2. Factors that may exacerbate gouty arthritis.

1. Prolonged fasting.

2. Stress.

3. Alcohol.

4. Certain medication such as aspirin or thiazide diuretics.

3. Signs and symptoms of gouty arthritis.

1. Severe pain in one or more peripheral joints, frequently beginning in the great toe.

2. Tophi, which are deposits of sodium urate crystals (late symptom).

3. Vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation.

4. Headache.

5. Fever.

4. Measures to prevent or control gouty arthritis.

1. Avoid foods high in purine, such as glandular meats, shellfish, sardines, kidney, liver, mushrooms, peas, etc.

2. Eat alkaline foods such as potatoes or milk.

3. Avoid stress.

4. Avoid fasting.

5. Drink 8-12 glasses of fluid per day.

6. Protect nodular tophi areas to prevent skin breakdown.

7. Prevent pressure on affected area.

8. Avoid alcohol.

9. Get adequate rest (bed rest during acute stage).

10. Achieve and maintain ideal weight. (Give client/care giver "Weight Reduction" handout.)

5. Possible complications of gouty arthritis.

1. Permanent joint disability.

2. Kidney damage.

3. Kidney stones.