Fluid Volume Excess

1. Definition of "fluid volume excess."

1. It is caused by inadequate circulation of fluids, retention of fluids, or excessive intake of fluid or sodium.

2. Excessive fluid moves from intravascular to interstitial spaces.

2. Signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess.

1. Weight gain greater than .5kg per day.

2. Increase in blood pressure and pulse.

3. Intake greater than output.

4. Distended neck veins.

5. Edema (shiny, taut skin).

6. Ascites (increased abdominal girth).

7. Shortness of breath.

8. Difficulty breathing when lying down.

9. Congestion in lungs.

10. Drop in blood pressure and increase in pulse when changing from lying to a sitting position.

11. Weakness and fatigue.

3. Measure to prevent or decrease an excess in fluid volume.

1. Maintain fluid restriction as ordered.

2. Restrict sodium intake. (Provide "Restrict Sodium" handout.)

3. Elevate feet to decrease swelling.

4. Take medication as ordered to remove excess fluid.

5. Weigh daily for early detection of excess fluid.

6. Increase protein, which is necessary for normal osmotic pressure (meat, fish, fowl, soybeans, eggs, legumes, cheese, etc.)

7. Protect edematous skin from injury.

8. Promote peripheral circulation.

1. Wear elastic stockings.

2. Exercise regularly.

3. Avoid crossing legs or wearing constrictive clothing.

4. Possible complications of fluid volume excess.

1. Congestive heart failure.

2. Pulmonary edema.

3. Skin breakdown.