Electrolyte Imbalance

1. Signs and Symptoms of Calcium Imbalance

1. Hypercalcemia (excess calcium)

1. Slow heart rate.

2. Fatigue.

3. Muscle weakness.

4. Loss of appetite.

5. Lethargy.

6. Nausea and vomiting.

7. Confusion.

8. Increased susceptibility to fractures.

2. Hypocalcemia (lack of calcium)

1. Numbness or tingling.

2. Muscle twitches.

3. Cramps.

4. Hyperactive reflexes.

5. Positive Chvostek's sign (mouth twitches when facial nerve is tapped).

6. Trousseau's sign (hand unfolds in spasm when blood pressure cuff is inflated on arm between the systolic and diastolic pressures).

2. Signs and Symptoms of Potassium Imbalance

1. Hypokalemia (lack of potassium)

1. Muscle weakness.

2. Cramping in extremities.

3. Decreased reflexes.

4. Respiratory failure.

5. Lethargy.

6. Drowsiness.

7. Confusion.

8. Nausea.

2. Hyperkalemia (excess potassium)

1. Muscle weakness.

2. Mental confusion.

3. Flaccid paralysis.

4. Abdominal distention.

5. Nausea and vomiting.

6. Diarrhea.

7. Paresthesis.

8. Cramps.

3. Signs and Symptoms of Sodium Imbalance

1. Hyponatremia (lack of sodium)

1. Lethargy.

2. Confusion.

3. Thirst.

4. Loss of appetite.

5. Muscle irritability.

6. Cramps.

7. Weakness.

8. Vomiting.

9. Seizures.

2. Hypernatremia (excess sodium)

1. Thirst.

2. Lethargy.

3. Stupor.

4. Confusion.

5. Irritability.

6. Poor skin turgor.

7. Increased temperature.

8. Decreased urinary output.

4. Signs and Symptoms of Magnesium Imbalance

1. Hypomagnesium (lack of magnesium)

1. Numbness and tingling.

2. Muscle cramps.

3. Tetany.

4. Positive Chvostek's sign (mouth twitches when facial nerve is tapped).

5. Positive Trousseau's sign (hand unfolds in spasm when the blood pressure cuff is inflated on arm between the systolic and diastolic pressures).

6. Confusion.

7. Seizures.

2. Hypermagnesium (excess magnesium)

1. Drowsiness.

2. Loss of deep tendon reflexes.

3. Coma.

4. Cardiac arrest.

5. Signs and Symptoms of Phosphorus Imbalance

1. Hyperphosphatemia (excess phosphorus)

1. Numbness or tingling.

2. Muscle twitches.

3. Hyperactive reflexes.

2. Hypophosphatemia (lack of phosphorus)

1. Weak muscles.

2. Mental irritability.